Thoughts on Electoral Reform (5)

Elections in Mauritius Are Seldom Referendums

Vote share doesn’t matter that much in Mauritius. We instead have competitions in 21 unequal ridings and the party which grabs anything more than half of the contested seats earns the right to form government. Our first-past-the-post (FPTP) setup is a system which works and has served us really well. And that too for decades. Making it an important part of who we are. Just like progressive taxation and a high savings rates have until 2006. Important matters of the state need to be given the appropriate consideration. It’s definitely not a bad idea that we let ourselves be inspired by examples of profound thinking. Like what Feynman told us about hardware reliability of the Space Shuttle: the necessary redundancy was provided by several independent identical computer systems.

Plenty to Learn From US Election Process

Americans know pretty much what to expect from the person they will elect as President of the world's second largest economy today. And that's thanks in no small measure to the candidates thoroughly discussing the main planks of their plans and to several independent groups of people scrutinising them. If it's Trump they are aware that the extreme version of trickle-down economics he's proposing – a flat tax of 15% – would add 5 trillion dollars to the US national debt, make 3.5 million people lose their jobs and potentially throw the economy into a recession. If it's Clinton the economy should keep on growing from the middle out and that too without a Great Wall that Mexico would be made to pay for. The fiscal policies of these candidates are also consistent with the DNA of their parties: Democrats don't believe and rightly so that tax cuts for the wealthy work while the Republicans do.

Thoughts on Electoral Reform (4)

At 60 miles an hour the loudest noise in this new Rolls-Royce comes from the electric clock.

David Ogilvy headline

We Already Have the Rolls-Royce of Constitutions

Our constitution through its excellent First Past The Post (FPTP) system has enabled voters to proceed with five seamless changes of government since independence. Three of which happened after consecutive elections. And most of our governments have been stable. This has been a key ingredient for our early successes. Our FPTP system has allowed us to focus on solving difficult problems which many back in the 1960s had rightly considered as almost unsurmountable. We also appreciate the quality of our constitution when political alliances break down: new ministers are appointed swiftly. And when we see how the absence of a good enough constitution in other countries hold them back. But it's not perfect. It has a slight clicking sound. Which needs to be corrected soon. In a mindful fashion.

Une nécessaire réforme de notre système politique: A Note

I have a few comments with respect to the points made in this article which appeared today.

1. We are prisoners of the two-party system that the FPTP generates. We don't have a two-party system here but most elections have been dominated by two alliances each made up of two or more parties. Our political system has been quite dynamic if we look at the weights of the different parties on the political chessboard over time and in the different alliances at voting time. It has also been renewing itself. Maybe not at the speed we would have wished though.

Lepep Budget May Miss Boat, Again

Budget Doesn't Address Dominant Issue

Namely the extensive damage caused by the flat tax: 1. a massive GDP gap; 2. a serious impairment of our domestic savings; 3. making Mauritius less competitive and dynamic by keeping local pump prices at unreal levels and 4. generating the smallest increase in real disposable income for the poorest 20% of households of the last twenty-five years. Besides the flat tax was implemented on the basis of spurious claims.

Why Poverty is Winning

Because so much of it has been created over the past 10 years. Some people have been getting out of poverty for sure but a lot more have been falling into it. Of the pool of 126,200 poor people in 2012 a staggering 33,000 had joined it over the last decade. That's more than one in every four poor Mauritians. This has happened because our economy has not grown fast enough and whatever wealth was created has not been shared properly.

Massive Policy Failure

Which in turn has mostly been caused by dismal policy-making and the lack of dynamism of our economy. External events have certainly played a role but given that they were beyond our control we shouldn't have spent that much time crying over them. We should also acknowledge the fact that there has been a wide variation in the way poverty has expanded. Chart 1 captures that by looking at how it has progressed over a fifteen-year period. Which coincided roughly with three different governments and in one case with major policy changes.

Will the Budget Be a Non-event?

"On ne parachute pas au ministère des finances quelqu'un qui ne sait pas calculer la dette publique et qui ne connaît pas l'impact de la fiscalité sur la croissance...."

Rama Sithanen, 2009

Like last year's and most of the budgets since 2006? Well, it doesn't have to. It will essentially depend on a single decision. But first let us understand how we got into a deep mess for ten whole years.

Old Policy Crap in New Bottle

The last part of the quote above – emphasis mine – summarises pretty much the main economic story from Mauritius over the last decade. While tax rates definitely impact growth rates – and both of them drive government revenue – the relationship is far from being linear. And it depends to a great extent on the relative ability of our public and private sectors to create wealth or make things happen. In the 1980s for example, as Paul Krugman reminds us, American top tax rates were cut from 36.5% to 26.7% over nine years but they never got the growth rates that would have financed those cuts. What they did get though is a Federal debt ballooning all the way from less than a trillion dollars to four by 1992. And two decades later US politicians were trying to clinch a deal hours before Uncle Sam was scheduled to go into default. The Economist summed up the situation as essentially the product of two tax-cuts, two wars and one stimulus package.

Why Mauritius Need Not Worry About Brexit

Because we got far more important issues here to worry about. Here are a few.

1. A Minister wants to sell the CWA because he's not happy with its hotline. Now, if this is not a cause for worry and a reason for ministerial resignation, an urgent Cabinet reshuffle, a referendum or all three I wonder what is. Another Minister wants to sell the CHCL. That's totally inappropriate. Talks with DP World have to be immediately called off. We can keep on nicely developing our port by ourselves -- CHCL has invested nearly Rs2 billion over the last ten years. We've got the people and tons of unemployed graduates who should be given many opportunities to push Mauritius forward. For sure we could have done a lot better had Sithanen not messed up our savings rate and economy so badly with the impressive string of failed policies which have accompanied the worst form of trickle-down economics: a flat tax. See, he promised robust growth rates of 8% back in 2005 if we lowered top taxes. As the chart illustrates we not only never got anything higher than 6% during the past 10 years but 60% of those rates were under 4%. This has, as expected, caused our government to run out of money for capital projects -- which Badhain keeps repeating -- and pile up a lot of debt. Making us a lot more vulnerable at the same time.

Vishnu Will Not Deliver A 'Second' Miracle

Because he is now Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was unable to deliver it in 15 months which by the way is exactly how long Pravind Jugnauth was FM in the third Bleu-Blanc-Rouge government. And just like Mr. Lutchmeenaraidoo the leader of the MSM had promised a second economic miracle. Vishnu's departure from the Ministry which made him a legend will be a personal setback for many people who voted for Lepep because they associated the first 'miracle' with him. And had wanted to witness the making of another. Live and direct.

Ramgoolam Vague About Labour DNA

A week ago he said it's made up of unity, development and social justice. For sure these are important values but they are a bit too vague. But first let's see how he did according to these values.

Pretty average in the unity department if the end result of three mandates (especially the last two) has been to bring Mauritius closer to an overcrowded barracoon. Granted that Manou Bheenick -- picked by Ramgoolam after 18 long months -- made us quite proud and united as far as the external value of our currency goes while he was calling the shots at the Central Bank.